We are a developmental psychopathology laboratory investigating factors in childhood that contribute to the onset and course of anxiety and mood dysregulation and related difficulties (e.g., eating disorders), including temperament, psychosocial functioning, stressors, sleep, and parenting behavior. We are particularly interested in characterizing the spectrum of emotions and behaviors in preschool-aged children to better understand risk for psychological difficulties over time.
Ongoing & Recent Research Studies
Selected Publications
Bufferd, S. J., Isaac, A., Olino, T., M., & Dougherty, L. R. (2024). Mapping the duration and severity of preschool-aged children’s depressive behaviors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65, 1156-1164
Alacha, H. F., Isaac, A., Gemmell, N., Dougherty, L. R., Olino, T. M., & Bufferd, S. J. (In press). Comparison of baseline and daily ratings of associations between anxiety and depressive behaviors and impairment in preschool-aged children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development.
Maldonado, A., Gonzalez, R., Bufferd, S.J., Garcia, D.O., & D’Anna-Hernandez, K. (2023). Psychosocial determinants of mental health care use among Mexican-origin women from farmworker families in southern California. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 51, 90-100. doi: 10.1007/s11414-023-09860-5
Isaac, A., Rodriguez, A., D’Anna-Hernandez, K., Gemmell, N., Acedo, G., Dougherty, L. R., & Bufferd, S. J. (2023). Preschool-aged children’s hair cortisol and parents’ behavior, psychopathology, and stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 151,106052.
Bufferd, S. J., Olino, T. M., & Dougherty, L. R. (2023). Quantifying severity of preschool-aged children’s internalizing behaviors: A daily diary analysis. Assessment, 30, 190-209. doi: 10.1177/10731911211046661
Silver, J., Mackin, D., Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Goldstein, B. L., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2023). Tonic and phasic irritability in 6-year-old-children: Differential correlates and outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64, 234-243. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13688
Silver, J., Olino, T. M., Carlson, G. A., Dougherty, L. R., Bufferd, S. J., & Klein, D. N. (2022). Depression in 3–6-year-old children: Clinical and psychosocial outcomes in later childhood and adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63, 984-991. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13553
Bufferd, S. J., Levinson, C. A., Olino, T. M., Dougherty, L. R., Dyson, M. W., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2022). Temperament and psychopathology in early childhood predict body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms in adolescence. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 104039. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104039
Silver, J., Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Goldstein, B. L., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (In press). Is the distinction between tonic and phasic irritability meaningful in 3-year-old children? European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. doi: 10.1007/s00787-022-01995-8
Chad-Friedman, E., Leppert, K. A., Olino, T. M., Bufferd, S. J., & Dougherty, L. R. (2022). Affective dynamics and mean levels of preschool irritability and sadness: Predictors of children’s psychological functioning two years later. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 53, 244-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01121-w
Dougherty, L. R., Galano, M., Chad-Friedman, E., Olino, T. M., Bufferd, S. J., & Klein, D. N. (2021). Using item response theory to compare irritability measures in early adolescent and childhood samples. Assessment, 28, 918-927. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191120936363
Finsaas, M., Kessel, E., Dougherty, L., Bufferd, S. J., Danzig, A., Davila, J., Carlson, G., & Klein, D. (2020). Early childhood psychopathology prospectively predicts social functioning in early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 49, 353-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1504298
Leppert, K. A., Bufferd, S. J., Olino, T. M., & Dougherty, L. R. (2019). A daily diary analysis of preschool depressive behaviors: Prospective associations and moderators across 14 days. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 1547-1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00535-4
Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., & Olino, T. M. (2019). Mapping the frequency and severity of anxiety in preschool-aged children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 63, 9-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.01.006
Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M. W., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2018). Temperament distinguishes persistent/recurrent from remitting anxiety disorders across early childhood. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47, 1004-1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1212362
Finsaas, M. C., Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2018). Preschool psychiatric disorders: homotypic and heterotypic continuity through middle childhood and early adolescence. Psychological Medicine, 48, 2159-2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717003646
Olino, T.M., Bufferd, S.J., Dougherty, L.R., Dyson, M.W., Carlson, G.A., & Klein, D.N. (2018). The development of latent dimensions of psychopathology across early childhood: Stability of dimensions and moderators of change. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46, 1373-1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0398-6
Vandermeer, M. R. J., Sheikh, H. I., Singh, S. S., Klein, D. N., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M. W., Bufferd, S. J., Hayden, E. P. (2018). The BDNF gene val66met polymorphism and behavioral inhibition in early childhood. Social Development, 27, 543-554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sode.12292
Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., & Olino, T. M. (2017). Mapping the frequency and severity of depressive behaviors in preschool-aged children. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 48, 934–943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0715-2
Parisette-Sparks, A., Bufferd, S. J., & Klein, D. N. (2017). Parental predictors of children’s shame and guilt at age 6 in a multi-method, longitudinal study. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46, 721-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1063430
Barrios, C. S., Bufferd, S. J., Klein, D. N., & Dougherty, L. R. (2017). The interaction between parenting and children’s cortisol reactivity at age 3 predicts increases in children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 6. Development and Psychopathology, 29, 1319-1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000293
Kessel, E. M., Allmann, A. E. S., Goldstein, B., Finsaas, M., Dougherty, L. R., Bufferd, S. J., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2017). Predictors and outcomes of childhood primary enuresis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56, 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.12.007
Kessel, E., Kujawa, A., Goldstein, B., Hajcak, G., Bufferd, S. J., Dyson, M., & Klein, D. N. (2017). Behavioral observations of positive and negative valence systems in early childhood predict physiological measures of emotional processing three years later. Journal of Affective Disorders, 216, 70-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.044
Bufferd, S. J., Dyson, M. W., Hernandez, I. G., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2016). Explicating the “developmental” in preschool psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology, Third Edition (pp. 152-186). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Dougherty, L. R., Smith, V. C., Bufferd, S. J., Kessel, E. M. Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2016). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder at the age of 6 years and clinical and functional outcomes 3 years later. Psychological Medicine, 46, 1103-1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002809
Kopala-Sibley, D. C., Dougherty, L. R., Dyson, M. W., Laptook, R. S., Bufferd, S. J., Klein, D. N. (2017). Early childhood cortisol reactivity moderates the effects of parent-child relationship quality on the development of children’s temperament in early childhood. Developmental Science, 20, e12378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12378
Carlson, G. A., Danzig, A. P., Dougherty, L. R., Bufferd, S. J., & Klein, D. N. (2016). Loss of temper and irritability: The relationship to tantrums in a community and clinical sample. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26, 114-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.0072
Johnson, V. C., Olino, T. M., Klein, D. N., Dyson, M. W., Bufferd, S. J., Durbin, C. E., Dougherty, L. R., & Hayden, E. P. (2016). A longitudinal investigation of predictors of the association between age 3 and age 6 behavioural inhibition. Journal of Research in Personality, 63, 51-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.04.008
Dougherty, L. R., Leppert, K., Merwin, S., Smith, V., Bufferd, S. J., & Kushner, M. (2015). Advances and directions in preschool mental health research. Child Development Perspectives, 9, 14-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12099
Dyson, M. W., Olino, T. M., Durbin, C. E., Goldsmith, H. H., Bufferd, S. J., Miller, A. R., & Klein, D. N. (2015). The structural and rank-order stability of temperament in young children based on a laboratory-observational measure. Psychological Assessment, 27, 1388-1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000104
Dougherty, L. R., Smith, V. C., Bufferd, S. J., Kessel, E., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2015). Preschool irritability predicts child psychopathology, functional impairment, and service use at age nine. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56, 999-1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12403
Meyer, A., Proudfit, G.H., Bufferd, S. J., Kujawa, A. J., Laptook, R.S., Torpey, D. C., & Klein, D. N. (2015). Self-reported and observed punitive parenting prospectively predicts increased error-related brain activity in six-year-old children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43, 821-829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9918-1
Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M.W., Laptook, R. S., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2014). Predictors of the onset of depression in young children: A multi-method, multi-informant longitudinal study from ages 3 to 6. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 1279-1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12252
Olino, T. M., Dougherty, L. R. Bufferd, S. J., Carlson, G. A, & Klein, D. N. (2014). Testing models of psychopathology in preschool-aged children using a structured interview-based assessment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 1201-1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9865-x
Klein, D. N., Bufferd, S. J., Dyson, M. W., & Danzig, A. P. (2014). Personality pathology. In M. Lewis and K. Rudolph (Eds.), Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, Third Edition (pp. 703-719). New York, NY: Springer.
Klein, D. N., Bufferd, S. J., Ro, E., & Clark, L.A. (2014). Depression and comorbidity: Personality disorders. In C. S. Richards and M. W. O’Hara (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Depression and Comorbidity (pp. 200-217). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
R., Smith, V. C., Bufferd, S. J., Carlson, G. A., Stringaris, A., Leibenluft, E., & Klein, D. (2014). DSM-5 Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: Correlates and predictors in young children. Psychological Medicine, 44, 2339-2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713003115
Danzig, A. P., Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2013). Longitudinal associations between preschool psychopathology and school-age peer functioning. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44, 621-632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0356-4
Dougherty, L. R., Smith, V. C., Bufferd, S. J., Stringaris, A., Leibenluft, E., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2013). Preschool irritability: Longitudinal associations with psychiatric disorders at age six and parental psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52, 1304-1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.007
Dougherty, L. R., Tolep, M. R., Bufferd, S. J., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M. W., Traditi, J., Rose, S.A., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2013). Preschool anxiety disorders: Comprehensive assessment of clinical, demographic, temperamental, familial, and life stress correlates. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42, 577-589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.759225
Meyer, A., Hajcak, G., Torpey, D. C., Kujawa, A., Kim, J., Bufferd, S. J., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2013). Increased error-related brain activity in six-year-old children with clinical anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 1257-1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9762-8
Dougherty, L. R., Smith, V., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M. W., Bufferd, S. J., Rose, S. R., & Klein, D. N. (2013). Maternal psychopathology and early child temperament predict young children’s salivary cortisol 3 years later. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 531-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9703-y
Sheikh, H. I., Kryski, K. R., Smith, H. J., Dougherty, L. R., Bufferd, S. J., Klein, D. N., Singh, S. M., & Hayden, E. P. (2013). Catechol-O-Methyltransferase gene val158met polymorphism and depressive symptoms during early childhood. Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 162, 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32141
Hayden, E. P., Olino, T. M., Bufferd, S. J., Miller, A., Dougherty, L. R., Sheikh, H. I., Singh, S. M., & Klein, D. N. (2013). The serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region and brain-derived neurotrophic factor valine to methionine at position 66 polymorphisms and maternal history of depression: Associations with cognitive vulnerability to depression in childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 587-598. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000035
Klein, D. N., Torpey, D. C., Bufferd, S. J., & Dyson, M.W. (2008). Depressive disorders. In T. P. Beauchaine and S.P. Hinshaw (Eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (pp. 477-509). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Carlson, G. A., Rose, S. R., & Klein, D. N. (2012). Psychiatric disorders in preschoolers: Continuity from ages 3 to 6. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 1157-1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020268
Kim, J., Carlson, G. A., Meyer, S. E., Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Dyson, M. W., Laptook, R. S., Olino, T. M., & Klein, D. N. (2012). Correlates of the CBCL-dysregulation profile in preschool-aged children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 918-926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02546.x
Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2011). Parent-reported mental health in preschoolers: Findings using a diagnostic interview. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52, 359-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.08.006
Dougherty, L. R., Bufferd, S. J., Carlson, G. A., Dyson, M. W., Olino, T. M., & Klein, D. N. (2011). Preschoolers' observed temperament and psychiatric disorders assessed with a parent diagnostic interview. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 295-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.546046
Klein, D. N., Kotov, R., & Bufferd, S. J. (2011). Personality and depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 5.1-5.27. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104540
Hayden, E. P., Klein, D. N., Dougherty, L. R., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M. W., Bufferd, S. J., Durbin, C. E., Sheikh, H. I., & Singh, S. M. (2010). The dopamine D2 receptor gene and depressive and anxious symptoms in childhood: Associations and evidence for gene-environment correlation and gene-environment interaction. Psychiatric Genetics, 20, 304-310. 10.1097/YPG.0b013e32833adccb
Nemeroff, R., Levitt, J. M., Faul, L., WonPat-Borja, A. J., Bufferd, S. J., Setterberg, S., & Jensen, P. S. (2008). Establishing ongoing, early identification programs for mental health problems in our schools: A feasibility study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318160c5b1